Cara install Moodle di Ubuntu 20.04

Tutorial install Moodle di Ubuntu 20.04 dengan web server Nginx versi Moodle 400 Stable. Alasan memilih Nginx karena lebih ringan dibanding Apache, serta konfigurasinya lebih sederhana. Software untuk menjalankan Moodle di Ubuntu 20.04 adalah sebagai berikut:

• Nginx
• MySQL/MariaDB
• PHP

Atau biasa disebut LEMP stack.

Direktori penyimpanan web Moodle akan disimpan di /var/www/html/moodle

Sebagai permulaan, mari update system Linux

apt update -y

Langkah 1 – Install Nginx

Install Nginx versi stable

apt install nginx -y

Start Nginx

systemctl start nginx

Otomatis aktifkan Nginx jika server direstart

systemctl enable nginx

Langkah 2 – Install MariaDB

Install MariaDB terbaru 10.5, tambah dulu repositorynya

apt-get install software-properties-common
apt-key adv --fetch-keys 'https://mariadb.org/mariadb_release_signing_key.asc'
add-apt-repository 'deb [arch=amd64,arm64,ppc64el] http://sgp1.mirrors.digitalocean.com/mariadb/repo/10.5/ubuntu focal main'

Update, start, enable saat reboot dan atur password root

apt update -y
systemctl start mariadb-server
systemctl enable mariadb
mysql_secure_installation

Sesuaikan

NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!

In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user. If you've just installed MariaDB, and
haven't set the root password yet, you should just press enter here.

Enter current password for root (enter for none):
OK, successfully used password, moving on...

Setting the root password or using the unix_socket ensures that nobody
can log into the MariaDB root user without the proper authorisation.

You already have your root account protected, so you can safely answer 'n'.

Switch to unix_socket authentication [Y/n] Y
Enabled successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
... Success!


You already have your root account protected, so you can safely answer 'n'.

Change the root password? [Y/n] Y
New password: Ketik password
Re-enter new password: Ulangi ketik password
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
... Success!


By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] Y
... Success!

Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.

Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] Y
... Success!

By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.

Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] Y
- Dropping test database...
... Success!
- Removing privileges on test database...
... Success!

Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.

Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] Y
... Success!

Cleaning up...

All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.

Thanks for using MariaDB!

Langkah 3 – Install PHP

Install versi PHP 7.4 terbaru

apt install php-phpdbg php-fpm php-curl php-gd php-imap php-interbase php-intl php-ldap php-readline php-pspell php-tidy php-xmlrpc php-json php-sybase php-mysql php-opcache php-bz2 php-mbstring php-xml php-enchant php-gmp php-soap php-zip php-bcmath php-pdo -y

Start dan aktifkan saat boot

systemctl start php-fpm
systemctl enable php-fpm

Atur konfigurasi PHP

nano /etc/php/7.4/fpm/php.ini

Cari baris-baris berikut dan sesuaikan

date.timezone = "Asia/Jakarta"
post_max_size = 64M
upload_max_filesize = 64M
memory_limit = 512M
max_input_vars = 10000

Restart php-fpm

systemctl restart php7.4-fpm

Langkah 4 – Membuat virtual host Moodle

Simpan semua virtual host di /etc/nginx/sites-available/ agar kelak mudah mengelolanya.

nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/moodle.idnetter.com.conf

Isi dengan kode di bawah ini, untuk domain idnetter.com hanya contoh, jadi silahkan diadaptasikan.

Jika tidak ada domain, silahkan hapus baris idnetter.comdan dan www.idnetter.com ganti dengan _ (underscore)

server {
	listen	*:80;
	server_name	idnetter.com www.idnetter.com;
	root	/var/www/html/moodle;
	index	index.php index.html index.htm;
    
	rewrite ^/(.*\.php)(/)(.*)$ /$1?file=/$3 last;

	location / {
		try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$args;

		if (!-e $request_filename) {
			rewrite ^(.+)$ /index.php?q=$1 last;
		}

		location ~ [^/]\.php(/|$) {
			fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
			if (!-f $document_root$fastcgi_script_name) {
				return  404;
			}

			fastcgi_pass	unix:/var/run/php/php7.4-fpm.sock;
			fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
			fastcgi_hide_header X-Powered-By;
			fastcgi_index   index.php;
			include		 /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params;
		}

	}
	
	location = /favicon.ico {
		log_not_found off;
		access_log off;
	}

	location = /robots.txt {
		allow all;
		log_not_found off;
		access_log off;
	}
		
    location ~ ^/(\.user.ini|\.htaccess|\.git|\.svn|\.project|LICENSE|README.md|\.htpasswd) {
        deny	all;
		return 404;
    }
    
    location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf|webp|ico|svg|eot|otf|woff|woff2|ttf|ogg)$
    {
        expires      30d;
        error_log off;
        access_log /dev/null;
    }
    
    location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$
    {
        expires      12h;
        error_log off;
        access_log /dev/null; 
    }
}

Konfigurasi virtualhost ini nanti akan dibuat symbolic link ke /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/, yaitu direktori untuk menyimpan virtualhost aktif yang diload oleh Nginx.

Tujuannya, jika suatu saat kita ingin men-ON-OFF-kan web yang dihostkan di server menjadi lebih mudah, yaitu dengan unlink konfigurasi virtualhost tersebut.

Sekarang buat symbolic link ke sites-enabled

ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/moodle.idnetter.com.conf /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/moodle.idnetter.com.conf

Restart Nginx

systemctl restart nginx

Langkah 5 – Membuat database Moodle

Login ke MySQL dan buat database

mysql -uroot -p

Masukkan pasword root MySQL, selanjutnya

Membuat nama dan user Database

CREATE DATABASE idnetter_moodle;
CREATE USER idnetter_moodle@localhost IDENTIFIED BY 'katasandi123';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES on idnetter_moodle.* TO idnetter_moodle@localhost;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
exit;

Langkah 6 – Install Git

Kita perlu Git untuk install/update Moodle, perintah untk install Git

apt install git -y

Langkah 7 – Download Moodle

Masuk ke /var/www/html, Kemudian dengan Git, download Moodle

cd /var/www/html/
git clone git://git.moodle.org/moodle.git

masuk ke direktori moodle

cd moodle

Cek daftar versi Moodle

git branch -a

Tentukan versi Moodle yang akan diinstall, pada tutorial ini versi terbaru Moodle adalah 400 (LTS), Cek rilis di web Moodle

git branch --track MOODLE_400_STABLE origin/MOODLE_400_STABLE

Kemudian

git checkout MOODLE_400_STABLE

Setelah selesai, ganti permission direktori /var/www agar  Moodle bisa read/write

chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www

Tuntas sudah, tinggal eksekusi Moodle melaui web browser.

Langkah 8 – Install Moodle

Install Moodle melalui web browser, silahkan akses IP server atau domain yang telah dikonfigurasikan. Oh iya saya sertakan gambar pada bagian yang saya pikir penting jika ada teman-teman yang bingung.

• Database Driver type: MariaDB (native/mariadb)
• Unix socket: /run/mysqld/mysqld.sock

Nah, selesai teman-teman, semoga bermanfaat.